Economic Importance of Marine Sediments

Bellwork questions:

Some products that come from sediments are toothpaste, paint, swimming pool filters, and building materials for roads and structures.

1/3 of the worlds energy comes from sediments (oil & gas)


Sand and Gravel is extremely important because they are valued at more than $510 Million!

Webquest Questions

Sediments are classified by two groups, either clastic or chemical. Then from there it differentiates between the type of rock, texture, composition and type.

There are four types of sediments. Lithogenous, Biogenous, Hydrogenous, and Cosmogenous. 

Lithogenous- derived from rock, which is also pelagic so it settles away from the water column and will be most prevalent away from land
Biogenous- A sediment consisting of the shells and skeletons of dead organisms. (Calcium carbonate)
Hydrogenous- are formed by precipitation of minerals from the ocean’s water or can be formed as a new mineral
Cosmogenous- extraterrestrial in nature and are generally like miniature meteorites. These sediments are the remains of impacts of large bodies of space material (such as comets and asteroids). 

Marine Sediments by tianna.brown12 on GoAnimate

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Abyssal Plains & Hills

The definition of an abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor.

Abyssal plains are usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge,

 Abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface.

 They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions

Adaptations of Sea Caves

1. Some typical adaptation for these animals are lack of pigmentation, reduction in the size of eyes or absence of eyes altogether, development of sensory mechanisms that do not depend on light for detecting food or predators.

 2. Oxygen is not plentiful in the caves because photosynthesis does not exist because of the lack of light; as well as low water circulation, yet the creatures still adapt.

3. Adaptations occur because they happen at random events and if there's an advantage the organisms is more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms

4. This happens because anchialine caves tend to be oxygen depleted because no photosynthesis does not occur.

Essential Questions: Sea Floor NOAA

The NOAA stands for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and they map, protect, and manage the waters while updating older nautical charts

The sonar echo allows the ship to collect information from the sea floors by emitting 3500 pings; however the intensity of the sonar echo can tell if the sea floor is hard, soft, sandy, coral, or other soft plants.

The R.O.V helps the scientist by understanding the sonar data, by sending videos and still images which eventually all is combined.

These studies are important to society because we need to know what lies beneath our ocean floor, as well as methods of preservation.

Bathymetry

1. Bathymetry is the measure of the depth of water in oceans, rivers, or lakes. Bathymetric maps and topographic maps are similar, however topographic map lines connect points of equal elevation. Bathymetric maps show the shape and elevation of land features.

2.  Oceanographers mapped the ocean in the past by throwing a heavy rope over the side of a ship and recoding the length of rope it took to reach the seafloor, unfortunately the results were inaccurate and incomplete.

3. They now measure the ocean floor with sonar, which leaves less room for inaccuracy.


4. Multibeam echo sounders are effective because they're correct for the movements of the boat at sea which increases the measurement accuracy.

5. The thousands of seamounts were discovered in the central Pacific Ocean.

6. Their measurements support safe navigation and protect marine environments around the globe

Bathemetry by tianna.brown12 on GoAnimate

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Martinique

http://prezi.com/no1iu2bzjnu4/martinique/?kw=view-no1iu2bzjnu4&rc=ref-27670433
This is the volcano that my group: Tianna, Patricia, and Sierra, and myself presented. We researched a volcano named Martinique in the Mt. Pelee France. So take a look at our prezi for some great facts!

Tianna Brown & LaKendra Palmer

Uniformitarianism: the concept that Earth's surface was shaped in the past by gradual processes like erosion, as well as small changes like an earthquake.

18th Century

James Hutton

Catatrophism- (An old doctrine) the concept  that the changes in the earth only resulted from violent or unusual events

19th Century

Georges Cuvier